Modern Architecture
Art History 282/682
Week 1, Class 2
The Enlightenment
ancien régime or old order
American Enlightenment thinkers: Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Rush, David Rittenhouse
first engineering school, École des Ponts et Chaussées, 1747
Giambattista Vico, The New Science, 1725
Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 1751; and Essay on the General History of Manners, 1754
Jean-François Blondel, French Architecture, 1752
James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, Antiquities of Athens, 1762
J. J. Winkelmann, History of Ancient Art, 1764
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Karl Marx
Vitruvius, De architectura, 30 BCE
Claude Perrault, Ordonnance for the Five Types of Columns, 1683
telos
Horace Walpole, Strawberry Hill, Richmond upon Thames, England, 1750
The Castle of Otranto, 1764, the first Gothic novel
Batty Langley, Gothic Architecture Restored and Improved, 1741
Thomas Cole, The Dream of the Architect, 1840
Ithiel Town, important revival architect and bridge engineer
William Strickland, Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia, 1818-1824
John Haviland, Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, 1821-1836
John Haviland, Chinese Pagoda and Labyrinth Garden, Philadelphia, 1828
Thomas Ustick Walter, Moyamensing and Debtors Prisons, Philadelphia, 1830
Thomas Ustick Walter, Founder's Hall, Girard College, Philadelphia, 1833-1847
John Notman, Athenaeum, Philadelphia, 1845
John Notman, St. Marks Church, Philadelphia, 1848-1851
Samuel Sloan, design for an Italian Villa, 1868
James Windrim, Masonic Hall, Philadelphia, 1868-1873
John McArthur Jr., City Hall, Philadelphia, 1871-1901
Frank Furness, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, 1872-1876
Marc-Antoine Laugier, An Essay on Architecture, 1753
Heinrich Hübsch's In What Style Should We Build?, 1828
Hübsch condemned architects who "will hear nothing of a natural influence of the present but seek to achieve beauty through a slavish imitation of a completely alien past!"
Through a historical exploration of the development of structure, Hübsch "established a strictly objective skeleton for the new style."
Hübsch concluded that "In every case buildings logically designed in their basic elements will rank much higher as works of art than the most exact imitations of ancient architecture."
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, project for a concert hall in iron, 1872
Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, 1851
Charles Garnier, Opéra, Paris, 1861